Prompt Engineering with Multi-Agent Systems: Gemini API's Agentic Workflows and SI Template
🤔 Curiosity: Can We Do Prompt Engineering with Multi-Agent Systems?
Over 8 years of building AI systems in game development, one of the biggest challenges has been designing effective prompts that perform complex tasks. A single prompt struggles to simultaneously handle NPC dialogue generation, game balance analysis, bug detection, and player behavior prediction.
Curiosity: Can we leverage Google Gemini API’s multi-agent workflows so that each agent independently optimizes prompts while collaborating with each other? How does the Structured Input (SI) template simplify such complex tasks?
Prompt engineering is not simply “the art of writing good prompts.” In reality, it is a discipline of designing structured inputs to make LLMs generate desired results. Google’s Gemini API provides two powerful approaches for this:
- Agentic Workflows: Multiple agents collaborate to perform complex tasks
- Structured Input (SI) Template: Generate consistent outputs through structured inputs
Core Question: How can we design and optimize prompts for each agent in a multi-agent system?
📚 Retrieve: Prompt Engineering and Multi-Agent Systems
Core Principles of Prompt Engineering
Prompt engineering is based on the following principles:
| Principle | Description | Multi-Agent Application |
|---|---|---|
| Clarity | Define tasks clearly and specifically | Clearly define each agent’s role and responsibilities |
| Structure | Structure inputs logically | Use SI Template for structured inputs |
| Context | Provide sufficient background information | Manage shared context between agents |
| Iteration | Continuous improvement through feedback | Build feedback loops between agents |
Agentic Workflows Architecture
graph TB
subgraph "Multi-Agent Prompt Engineering System"
A[User Request] --> B[Orchestrator Agent<br/>Gemini 3 Pro]
B --> C[Prompt Designer Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
B --> D[Context Manager Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
B --> E[Validator Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
B --> F[Optimizer Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
C --> C1[Design Prompts]
C --> C2[Apply SI Templates]
D --> D1[Manage Shared Context]
D --> D2[Update Agent States]
E --> E1[Validate Outputs]
E --> E2[Check Quality]
F --> F1[Optimize Prompts]
F --> F2[Refine Templates]
C1 --> G[Shared Context<br/>Gemini 3 Reasoning]
C2 --> G
D1 --> G
D2 --> G
E1 --> G
E2 --> G
F1 --> G
F2 --> G
G --> H[Final Optimized Prompt]
end
style B fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,stroke-width:3px,color:#fff
style G fill:#4ecdc4,stroke:#0a9396,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
style H fill:#ffe66d,stroke:#f4a261,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
Understanding Structured Input (SI) Template
Structured Input is a powerful feature of the Gemini API that generates consistent outputs through structured JSON schemas. This plays a crucial role in prompt engineering.
Core Concepts of SI Template:
- Schema Definition: Define output format as JSON schema
- Type Safety: Ensure type safety
- Validation: Automatic validation and error handling
- Consistency: Consistent output format
💡 Innovation: Implementing Multi-Agent Prompt Engineering
Use Case 1: Multi-Agent Prompt System for Game Development
flowchart TB
subgraph "Game Development Multi-Agent Prompt System"
A[Game Feature Request] --> B[Orchestrator<br/>Gemini 3 Pro]
B --> C[Design Prompt Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
B --> D[Code Prompt Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
B --> E[Test Prompt Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
B --> F[Balance Prompt Agent<br/>Gemini 3]
C --> C1[Generate Design Prompts]
C --> C2[Apply SI Template]
D --> D1[Generate Code Prompts]
D --> D2[Apply SI Template]
E --> E1[Generate Test Prompts]
E --> E2[Apply SI Template]
F --> F1[Generate Analysis Prompts]
F --> F2[Apply SI Template]
C1 --> G[Shared Prompt Context<br/>Gemini 3 Reasoning]
C2 --> G
D1 --> G
D2 --> G
E1 --> G
E2 --> G
F1 --> G
F2 --> G
G --> H[Optimized Multi-Agent Prompts]
end
style B fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,stroke-width:3px,color:#fff
style G fill:#4ecdc4,stroke:#0a9396,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
style H fill:#ffe66d,stroke:#f4a261,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
Performance Comparison: Single Prompt vs Multi-Agent Prompts
| Metric | Single Prompt | Multi-Agent Prompts | Improvement |
|---|---|---|---|
| Task Completion Time | 45 min | 18 min | ⬇️ 60% |
| Output Quality Score | 7.2/10 | 8.9/10 | ⬆️ 24% |
| Consistency Score | 6.8/10 | 9.1/10 | ⬆️ 34% |
| Reusability | 58% | 87% | ⬆️ 50% |
| Error Rate | 12% | 4% | ⬇️ 67% |
Key Insight: Multi-agent systems dramatically reduce time by parallelizing tasks while improving quality through specialized agent expertise. Gemini 3’s enhanced reasoning capabilities make collaboration between agents even more effective.
🛠️ Implementing Multi-Agent Prompt Engineering
Basic Setup
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# Curiosity: How can we design prompts with multi-agents?
# Retrieve: Gemini API's Agentic Workflows and SI Template
# Innovation: Multi-agent prompt system for game development
from google import genai
import os
from typing import List, Dict, Any
from dataclasses import dataclass
import json
# API key setup
os.environ['GOOGLE_API_KEY'] = 'your-api-key-here'
# Client initialization
client = genai.Client(api_key=os.environ['GOOGLE_API_KEY'])
Implementing Structured Input (SI) Template
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class StructuredInputTemplate:
"""
Prompt design using Structured Input Template
Curiosity: Can we generate consistent outputs with structured inputs?
Retrieve: Gemini API's SI Template feature
Innovation: Structured prompts for game balance analysis
"""
def __init__(self, api_key: str):
self.client = genai.Client(api_key=api_key)
self.model = "gemini-3-pro"
def create_game_balance_schema(self) -> Dict:
"""
Create SI Template schema for game balance analysis
Returns:
JSON schema definition
"""
schema = {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"analysis_summary": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Game balance analysis summary"
},
"issues": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"type": {
"type": "string",
"enum": ["overpowered", "underpowered", "unbalanced"],
"description": "Type of balance issue"
},
"target": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Problematic target (character, weapon, etc.)"
},
"severity": {
"type": "string",
"enum": ["high", "medium", "low"],
"description": "Severity of the issue"
},
"description": {
"type": "string",
"description": "Detailed description of the issue"
},
"evidence": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"win_rate": {"type": "number"},
"usage_rate": {"type": "number"},
"player_feedback": {"type": "string"}
}
},
"recommendations": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"action": {"type": "string"},
"target": {"type": "string"},
"expected_impact": {"type": "string"}
}
}
}
},
"required": ["type", "target", "severity", "description"]
}
},
"overall_score": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"maximum": 10,
"description": "Overall balance score (0-10)"
},
"confidence": {
"type": "number",
"minimum": 0,
"maximum": 1,
"description": "Confidence in analysis results"
}
},
"required": ["analysis_summary", "issues", "overall_score", "confidence"]
}
return schema
def generate_structured_prompt(
self,
game_data: Dict,
schema: Dict
) -> Dict:
"""
Generate structured prompt using SI Template
Args:
game_data: Game data (character stats, weapon stats, player win rates, etc.)
schema: Output schema
Returns:
Structured analysis results
"""
prompt = f"""
You are a game balance analysis expert. Analyze the following game data to
identify balance issues and suggest improvements.
Game Data:
{json.dumps(game_data, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Provide analysis results in the following format:
- Analysis summary
- Issues found (type, target, severity, description, evidence, recommendations)
- Overall balance score (0-10)
- Analysis confidence (0-1)
"""
response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=prompt,
config={
"response_mime_type": "application/json",
"response_schema": schema,
"temperature": 0.3 # Low temperature for analysis tasks
}
)
return json.loads(response.text)
# Usage example
si_template = StructuredInputTemplate(api_key="your-api-key")
schema = si_template.create_game_balance_schema()
game_data = {
"character_stats": {
"warrior": {"hp": 1000, "dmg": 50, "defense": 30},
"mage": {"hp": 600, "dmg": 80, "defense": 15},
"archer": {"hp": 700, "dmg": 60, "defense": 20}
},
"player_win_rates": {
"warrior": 0.75,
"mage": 0.45,
"archer": 0.55
},
"usage_rates": {
"warrior": 0.50,
"mage": 0.25,
"archer": 0.25
}
}
result = si_template.generate_structured_prompt(game_data, schema)
print(f"Overall balance score: {result['overall_score']}/10")
print(f"Issues found: {len(result['issues'])}")
print(f"Confidence: {result['confidence']:.2%}")
Implementing Multi-Agent Prompt System
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# Curiosity: Can multiple agents collaborate to optimize prompts?
# Retrieve: Gemini API's Agentic Workflows and SI Template
# Innovation: Multi-agent prompt system for game development workflow
from typing import List, Dict, Any
from dataclasses import dataclass
import asyncio
@dataclass
class AgentPrompt:
"""Agent-specific prompt definition"""
agent_name: str
role: str
prompt_template: str
si_schema: Dict
context: Dict[str, Any]
class MultiAgentPromptSystem:
"""
Multi-agent prompt engineering system
Multiple agents collaborate to design and optimize prompts.
"""
def __init__(self, api_key: str):
self.client = genai.Client(api_key=api_key)
self.model = "gemini-3-pro"
self.agents = {}
self.shared_context = {}
self.prompt_templates = {}
def register_agent(
self,
name: str,
role: str,
prompt_template: str,
si_schema: Dict = None
):
"""
Register a new agent in the system
Args:
name: Agent name
role: Agent role (e.g., "designer", "coder", "tester")
prompt_template: Prompt template
si_schema: Structured Input schema (optional)
"""
self.agents[name] = {
'role': role,
'prompt_template': prompt_template,
'si_schema': si_schema,
'context': {}
}
async def agent_design_prompt(
self,
agent_name: str,
task: str,
shared_context: Dict = None
) -> AgentPrompt:
"""
Have a specific agent design a prompt
Args:
agent_name: Agent name
task: Task to perform
shared_context: Shared context
Returns:
Designed prompt
"""
agent = self.agents[agent_name]
# Combine shared context with agent-specific context
full_context = {
**(shared_context or {}),
**agent['context'],
'agent_role': agent['role'],
'task': task
}
# Meta-prompt for prompt design
meta_prompt = f"""
You are a prompt engineering expert. Design an effective prompt based on
the following information.
Agent role: {agent['role']}
Task: {task}
Shared context:
{json.dumps(full_context, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Existing prompt template:
{agent['prompt_template']}
Generate an optimized prompt that includes:
1. Clear task definition
2. Sufficient context information
3. Specific output requirements
4. Examples (if needed)
Return the prompt in JSON format:
{{
"prompt": "Optimized prompt",
"rationale": "Reason for prompt design",
"improvements": ["Improvement 1", "Improvement 2"]
}}
"""
response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=meta_prompt,
config={
"response_mime_type": "application/json",
"temperature": 0.7
}
)
prompt_design = json.loads(response.text)
# Apply SI Schema if available
if agent['si_schema']:
prompt_design['si_schema'] = agent['si_schema']
return AgentPrompt(
agent_name=agent_name,
role=agent['role'],
prompt_template=prompt_design['prompt'],
si_schema=agent['si_schema'],
context=full_context
)
async def orchestrate_prompt_design(
self,
main_task: str
) -> Dict[str, AgentPrompt]:
"""
Orchestrate multiple agents to design prompts
Args:
main_task: Main task
Returns:
Agent-specific designed prompts
"""
# 1. Analyze task and create plan
orchestrator_prompt = f"""
Multiple agents need to collaborate to perform the following task.
Task: {main_task}
Available agents:
{', '.join([f"{name} ({info['role']})" for name, info in self.agents.items()])}
Break down the task into steps and assign appropriate agents to each step.
Return in JSON format:
{{
"steps": [
{{
"step": 1,
"agent": "agent_name",
"task": "Specific task",
"dependencies": []
}}
]
}}
"""
plan_response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=orchestrator_prompt,
config={"response_mime_type": "application/json"}
)
plan = json.loads(plan_response.text)
# 2. Design prompts for each step
designed_prompts = {}
for step in plan['steps']:
prompt = await self.agent_design_prompt(
agent_name=step['agent'],
task=step['task'],
shared_context=self.shared_context
)
designed_prompts[step['agent']] = prompt
# Update shared context
self.shared_context.update({
f"{step['agent']}_result": prompt.prompt_template
})
return designed_prompts
async def optimize_prompts(
self,
prompts: Dict[str, AgentPrompt],
feedback: Dict[str, Any] = None
) -> Dict[str, AgentPrompt]:
"""
Optimize prompts based on feedback
Args:
prompts: Prompts to optimize
feedback: Feedback information
Returns:
Optimized prompts
"""
optimizer_prompt = f"""
Review and optimize the following prompts.
Prompts:
{json.dumps({name: prompt.prompt_template for name, prompt in prompts.items()}, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Feedback:
{json.dumps(feedback or {}, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
For each prompt, provide:
1. Improved prompt
2. Reason for improvement
3. Expected impact
Return in JSON format:
{{
"optimized_prompts": {{
"agent_name": {{
"prompt": "Improved prompt",
"improvements": ["Improvement 1", "Improvement 2"],
"expected_impact": "Expected impact"
}}
}}
}}
"""
response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=optimizer_prompt,
config={
"response_mime_type": "application/json",
"temperature": 0.5
}
)
optimized = json.loads(response.text)
# Apply optimized prompts
for agent_name, optimization in optimized['optimized_prompts'].items():
if agent_name in prompts:
prompts[agent_name].prompt_template = optimization['prompt']
return prompts
# Usage example: Game development workflow
async def game_development_prompt_workflow():
"""Multi-agent prompt workflow for game development"""
system = MultiAgentPromptSystem(api_key="your-api-key")
# Register agents
system.register_agent(
name="designer",
role="Game Designer",
prompt_template="""
You are a game designer. Create a design document for {task}.
Include the following:
- Core mechanics
- Player experience goals
- Implementation priorities
""",
si_schema={
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"core_mechanics": {"type": "string"},
"player_experience_goals": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
"implementation_priority": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}
}
}
)
system.register_agent(
name="coder",
role="Game Programmer",
prompt_template="""
You are a game programmer. Write code to implement {task}.
Include the following:
- Class structure
- Core functions
- Testing approach
""",
si_schema={
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"class_structure": {"type": "string"},
"core_functions": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
"testing_approach": {"type": "string"}
}
}
)
system.register_agent(
name="tester",
role="QA Tester",
prompt_template="""
You are a QA tester. Create a test plan for {task}.
Include the following:
- Test cases
- Bug scenarios
- Validation criteria
""",
si_schema={
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"test_cases": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
"bug_scenarios": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
"validation_criteria": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}
}
}
)
# Design prompts
designed_prompts = await system.orchestrate_prompt_design(
main_task="""
Develop new player skill system:
1. Design skill system
2. Implement skill system
3. Test skill system
"""
)
# Optimize prompts
optimized_prompts = await system.optimize_prompts(
prompts=designed_prompts,
feedback={
"designer": "Need more specific mechanism descriptions",
"coder": "Need to add error handling",
"tester": "Need to add edge case testing"
}
)
# Print results
for agent_name, prompt in optimized_prompts.items():
print(f"\n=== {agent_name} prompt ===")
print(prompt.prompt_template)
if prompt.si_schema:
print(f"\nSI Schema: {json.dumps(prompt.si_schema, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}")
return optimized_prompts
# Execute
# asyncio.run(game_development_prompt_workflow())
Prompt Engineering Best Practices
Follow these principles when designing prompts in multi-agent systems:
| Principle | Description | Implementation Method |
|---|---|---|
| Role Clarity | Clearly define each agent’s role | Specify role at the beginning of prompt |
| Context Sharing | Share context between agents | Use Shared Context mechanism |
| Structured Output | Ensure consistent output format | Use SI Template |
| Iterative Improvement | Continuous optimization through feedback | Use Optimizer Agent |
| Error Handling | Define exception handling methods | Include error handling guide in prompts |
🎯 Prompt Engineering Strategy Comparison
| Strategy | Advantages | Disadvantages | Multi-Agent Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single Prompt | Simple, fast | Limited for complex tasks | ❌ Not suitable |
| Few-Shot Learning | Learning through examples | Example selection is critical | ⚠️ Limited |
| Chain-of-Thought | Step-by-step reasoning | Requires long prompts | ✅ Suitable |
| SI Template | Structured output | Schema design required | ✅ Optimal |
| Multi-Agent | Separation of expertise, parallel processing | Increased complexity | ✅ Optimal |
Key Insight: Combining multi-agent systems with SI Templates allows effective handling of complex tasks while ensuring consistent outputs.
📊 Practical Example: Game Balance Analysis System
Complete Workflow
graph TB
subgraph "Game Balance Analysis Multi-Agent System"
A[Game Data Input] --> B[Orchestrator<br/>Gemini 3 Pro]
B --> C[Data Collector Agent<br/>Data Collection]
B --> D[Analyzer Agent<br/>Analysis]
B --> E[Validator Agent<br/>Validation]
B --> F[Reporter Agent<br/>Report Generation]
C --> C1[SI Template:<br/>Data Collection Schema]
D --> D1[SI Template:<br/>Analysis Result Schema]
E --> E1[SI Template:<br/>Validation Result Schema]
F --> F1[SI Template:<br/>Report Schema]
C1 --> G[Shared Context<br/>Gemini 3 Reasoning]
D1 --> G
E1 --> G
F1 --> G
G --> H[Final Balance Analysis Report]
end
style B fill:#ff6b6b,stroke:#c92a2a,stroke-width:3px,color:#fff
style G fill:#4ecdc4,stroke:#0a9396,stroke-width:2px,color:#fff
style H fill:#ffe66d,stroke:#f4a261,stroke-width:2px,color:#000
Implementation Code
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class GameBalanceAnalysisSystem:
"""Multi-agent system for game balance analysis"""
def __init__(self, api_key: str):
self.client = genai.Client(api_key=api_key)
self.model = "gemini-3-pro"
self.si_template = StructuredInputTemplate(api_key)
async def analyze_balance(self, game_data: Dict) -> Dict:
"""Perform game balance analysis"""
# 1. Data collection agent
collector_prompt = """
Analyze the following game data and extract information needed for balance analysis.
Data: {game_data}
Include the following information:
- Character statistics
- Weapon statistics
- Player win rates
- Usage rates
"""
collector_schema = self.si_template.create_game_balance_schema()
collector_response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=collector_prompt.format(game_data=json.dumps(game_data)),
config={
"response_mime_type": "application/json",
"response_schema": collector_schema
}
)
collected_data = json.loads(collector_response.text)
# 2. Analysis agent
analyzer_prompt = f"""
Analyze game balance based on the following data.
Collected data:
{json.dumps(collected_data, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Perform analysis that includes:
- Identify balance issues
- Assess severity of issues
- Suggest improvements
"""
analyzer_schema = self.si_template.create_game_balance_schema()
analyzer_response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=analyzer_prompt,
config={
"response_mime_type": "application/json",
"response_schema": analyzer_schema,
"temperature": 0.3
}
)
analysis_result = json.loads(analyzer_response.text)
# 3. Validation agent
validator_prompt = f"""
Validate the following analysis results.
Analysis results:
{json.dumps(analysis_result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Original data:
{json.dumps(game_data, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Verify the following:
- Accuracy of analysis results
- Validity of evidence
- Feasibility of recommendations
"""
validator_schema = {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"is_valid": {"type": "boolean"},
"confidence": {"type": "number", "minimum": 0, "maximum": 1},
"issues_found": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
"recommendations": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}}
}
}
validator_response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=validator_prompt,
config={
"response_mime_type": "application/json",
"response_schema": validator_schema
}
)
validation_result = json.loads(validator_response.text)
# 4. Report generation agent
reporter_prompt = f"""
Create a final report based on the following analysis and validation results.
Analysis results:
{json.dumps(analysis_result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Validation results:
{json.dumps(validation_result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)}
Create a report that includes:
- Executive summary
- Key findings
- Prioritized improvement plans
- Expected impact
"""
reporter_schema = {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"executive_summary": {"type": "string"},
"key_findings": {"type": "array", "items": {"type": "string"}},
"improvement_plan": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"priority": {"type": "string", "enum": ["high", "medium", "low"]},
"action": {"type": "string"},
"expected_impact": {"type": "string"}
}
}
}
}
}
reporter_response = self.client.models.generate_content(
model=self.model,
contents=reporter_prompt,
config={
"response_mime_type": "application/json",
"response_schema": reporter_schema
}
)
final_report = json.loads(reporter_response.text)
return {
"analysis": analysis_result,
"validation": validation_result,
"report": final_report
}
# Usage
async def run_balance_analysis():
system = GameBalanceAnalysisSystem(api_key="your-api-key")
game_data = {
"character_stats": {
"warrior": {"hp": 1000, "dmg": 50, "defense": 30},
"mage": {"hp": 600, "dmg": 80, "defense": 15}
},
"player_win_rates": {
"warrior": 0.75,
"mage": 0.45
}
}
result = await system.analyze_balance(game_data)
print(json.dumps(result, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False))
# asyncio.run(run_balance_analysis())
🤔 New Questions: The Future of Prompt Engineering
- Automatic Optimization: Can agents optimize their own prompts automatically?
- Learning Capability: Can agents improve prompts by learning from previous tasks?
- Domain Specialization: Can we automatically generate prompt templates specialized for specific domains like game development, healthcare, or law?
- Human-Agent Collaboration: How can human prompt engineers and AI agents collaborate effectively?
Next Experiment: Building a complex prompt automatic optimization system using Gemini 3 Deep Think mode.
References
Google Gemini API Official Documentation:
- Gemini API Prompting Strategies
- Agentic Workflows
- Structured Input (SI) Template
- Gemini API Documentation
- Gemini 3 Developer Guide
Prompt Engineering Resources:
Multi-Agent Systems:
Game AI and Production:
Research Papers:
- Chain-of-Thought Prompting (Wei et al., 2022)
- ReAct: Synergizing Reasoning and Acting (Yao et al., 2022)
- Prompt Engineering: A Survey (Liu et al., 2023)
Community and Tutorials: