10 Essential Components of a Production Web Application.

10 Essential Components of a Production Web Application

Curiosity: What components are essential for building production-ready web applications? How do these components work together to create scalable, reliable systems?

Production web applications require multiple components working together to handle user requests, process data, and ensure reliability. Here are the 10 essential components.

The 10 Essential Components

Retrieve: Complete architecture overview.

#	Component	Description	Tools/Examples
1	CI/CD Pipelines	Deploy code to server instances	Jenkins, GitHub Actions
2	User Requests	Originate from web browser, DNS resolution	Browser, DNS
3	Load Balancers	Distribute requests evenly	Nginx, HAProxy
4	CDN	Serve requests from edge locations	CloudFlare, AWS CloudFront
5	API Communication	Web app communicates with backend	REST, GraphQL
6	Database/Cache	Data storage and retrieval	PostgreSQL, Redis
7	Job Queue	Handle resource-intensive tasks	RabbitMQ, Celery
8	Full-Text Search	Support search functionality	Elasticsearch, Solr
9	Monitoring	Store logs and analyze data	Sentry, Grafana, Prometheus
10	Alerting	Notify developers of issues	Slack, PagerDuty

Architecture Overview

Innovate: How components interact.

graph TB
    A[User Browser] --> B[DNS Resolution]
    B --> C[CDN]
    B --> D[Load Balancer]
    D --> E[Web App Servers]
    E --> F[Backend Services]
    F --> G[Database]
    F --> H[Cache]
    F --> I[Job Queue]
    I --> J[Workers]
    F --> K[Search Service]
    
    L[CI/CD] --> E
    M[Monitoring] --> E
    M --> F
    N[Alerting] --> M
    
    style A fill:#e1f5ff
    style D fill:#fff3cd
    style F fill:#d1ecf1
    style M fill:#d4edda

Detailed Components

Retrieve: Understanding each component.

1. CI/CD Pipelines:

• Deploy code to server instances
• Tools: Jenkins, GitHub Actions
• Purpose: Automated deployment

2. User Requests:

• Originate from web browser
• DNS resolution
• Reach app servers

3. Load Balancers & Reverse Proxies:

• Distribute requests evenly
• Tools: Nginx, HAProxy
• Purpose: High availability

4. Content Delivery Network (CDN):

• Serve requests from edge locations
• Reduce latency
• Improve performance

5. API Communication:

• Web app communicates with backend
• REST, GraphQL
• Service-to-service communication

6. Database & Cache:

• Database servers for persistent data
• Distributed caches for fast access
• Tools: PostgreSQL, Redis

7. Job Queue:

• Handle resource-intensive tasks
• Long-running operations
• Tools: RabbitMQ, Celery

8. Full-Text Search:

• Support search functionality
• Tools: Elasticsearch, Apache Solr
• Fast text search

9. Monitoring:

• Store logs
• Analyze data
• Tools: Sentry, Grafana, Prometheus
• Ensure everything works

10. Alerting:

• Notify developers of issues
• Platforms: Slack, PagerDuty
• Quick resolution

Component Categories

Innovate: Grouping by function.

Category	Components	Purpose
Deployment	CI/CD Pipelines	⬆️ Automated delivery
Request Handling	Load Balancers, CDN	⬆️ Distribution
Application	Web App, Backend Services	⬆️ Business logic
Data	Database, Cache, Search	⬆️ Data management
Background	Job Queue, Workers	⬆️ Async processing
Observability	Monitoring, Alerting	⬆️ Reliability

Key Takeaways

Retrieve: Production web applications require 10 essential components: CI/CD, request handling (load balancers, CDN), application servers, backend services, databases/caches, job queues, search services, monitoring, and alerting.

Innovate: By implementing these components properly, you can build scalable, reliable web applications that handle user requests efficiently, process data effectively, and maintain high availability with proper monitoring and alerting.

Curiosity → Retrieve → Innovation: Start with curiosity about production architecture, retrieve insights from these essential components, and innovate by building web applications with all necessary components for scalability and reliability.

Next Steps:

• Design your architecture
• Implement each component
• Set up monitoring
• Configure alerting

Translate to Korean

프로덕션 웹 응용 프로그램의 10가지 필수 구성 요소

1 - 모든 것은 서버 인스턴스에 코드를 배포하는 CI/CD 파이프라인으로 시작됩니다. Jenkins 및 GitHub와 같은 도구가 여기에 도움이 됩니다.

2 - 사용자 요청이 웹 브라우저에서 시작됩니다. DNS 확인 후 요청은 앱 서버에 도달합니다.

3 - 부하 분산 장치 및 역방향 프록시(예: Nginx 및 HAProxy)는 웹 애플리케이션 서버 간에 사용자 요청을 균등하게 분산합니다.

4 - CDN(Content Delivery Network)에서도 요청을 처리할 수 있습니다.

5 - 웹앱은 API를 통해 백 엔드 서비스와 통신합니다.

6 - 백엔드 서비스는 데이터베이스 서버 또는 분산 캐시와 상호 작용하여 데이터를 제공합니다.

7 - 리소스를 많이 사용하는 장기 실행 태스크는 작업 대기열을 사용하여 작업자에게 전송됩니다.

8 - 전체 텍스트 검색 서비스가 검색 기능을 지원합니다. Elasticsearch 및 Apache Solr와 같은 도구가 도움이 될 수 있습니다.

9 - 모니터링 도구(예: Sentry, Grafana 및 Prometheus)는 로그를 저장하고 데이터를 분석하여 모든 것이 제대로 작동하는지 확인합니다.

10 - 문제가 발생할 경우 알림 서비스는 빠른 해결을 위해 Slack과 같은 플랫폼을 통해 개발자에게 알립니다.

여러분에게: 프로덕션 웹앱의 아키텍처에 추가할 다른 구성 요소는 무엇인가요?